Deep Foundations

Construction of structures such as metro station boxes, high rise building foundations, underground car parks and basements, water and sewer shafts and caissons typically require deep excavations and is particularly challenging within urban areas.

Deep excavations are carried out using open cut or a wide range of retaining structures such as a diaphragm-wall, retaining wall, contiguous bored pile, secant pile, sheet pile, vertical soldier pile, shaft and caisson.

Instrumentation is needed to ensure the safety of the excavation and surrounding area, protection of surrounding buildings and utilities, to verify design criteria and allow design changes in accordance with the Observational Method.